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Delta-sleep-inducing-peptide, commonly known as DSIP, is a neuropeptide which affects different endocrine and physiological mechanisms within the central nervous system. It also exhibits antioxidative effect, as it can mitigate some oxidative stress.
Some research also shows that DSIP can modulate certain regulatory processes within our body, processes such as GABAergic and glutamatergic, which enable nerve transmission.
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What Is DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)?
Also known as Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, DSIP is a short, naturally produced neuropeptide, first discovered in the 70s. It was initially isolated from the brains of rabbits and gained its notoriety for inducing sleep during slow-wave sleep cycle.
Since the 70s, there’s been a lot of studies revolving around DSIP and its range of abilities seems to be spreading from inducing sleep all the way to affecting endocrine system, affecting stress levels and blood pressure, altering patient’s pain perception… it’s even being mentioned as a cancer treatment candidate. But it’s important to note these are just some potential claims that scientists need to work on and further test.
DSIP Structure
- Sequence: Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu
- Molecular Formula: C35H48N10O15
- Molecular Weight: 848.824 g/mol
- PubChem CID: 68816
- CAS Number: 62568-57-4
- Synonyms: Emideltide, DSIP nonapeptide, Deltaran
DSIP And Sleep
Though initial studies revolved primarily around sleep (as the “sleep-inducing” part of the name suggests), the exact connection between DSIP and sleep is not yet as first as most researchers would have hoped. Why? Mostly because results were inconsistent and inconclusive… For example, one study might indicate a clear link between this peptide and sleep, while the second one might completely disprove it… the third one concludes there is no impact and the fourth one says it promotes sedation initially, but causes arousal later on.
To pinpoint some actual, measurable DSIP effect, researchers had to go to the far end of the sleep spectrum and test its effects on subjects with chronic insomnia. This particular study, for one, involved human participants with severe insomnia. By the time the study was over, it appeared that the peptide actually improved the test subject’s condition so much that their sleep patterns matched “normal”, control ones. There were several other studies that showed pretty much the same results but, though the results were statistically significant, they were overall relatively weak.
Even though they had huge inconsistencies in identifying a clear connection between DSIP and sleep, researchers concluded that this peptide affected sleep in a positive way. For example, there were studies where the patients reported a subjective feeling of sleepiness (when administered DSIP), but EEG didn’t show any major changes in patients. This led some researchers to believe we need different (better tests) to ascertain the true effectiveness of this peptide.
DSIP Research and Chronic Pain
Chronic (and any other type of) pain is a state most researchers take very seriously and are always on the lookout for better, less addictive options of addressing it, and DSIP is no different. There was a pilot study done on human patients with chronic pain episodes where it was concluded that this peptide reduced pain perception significantly (as compared to the placebo), as well as reducing re intensity of the depressive states. Not only that, it may even help with patients with psychological addiction to pain killer medication, as it can help them deal with the withdrawal symptoms much easier.
There were also some experiments with systemically administered morphine and amphetamine. These, and similar opioid drugs, act slowly (but surely) develop chronic addiction in patients with severe pain episodes. One study in rat models showed that, even though DSIP acts on the same receptors in the central nervous system, there was no evidence that it led to the same kind of addiction. This is especially important if we take another study into account, one that involved human patients with chronic migraines and tinnitus who, after 5 consecutive days of being injected with DSIP injections, reported a significantly lower pain level with similar episodes in the past.
DSIP Research and Metabolism
Though DSIP was primarily investigated for its link with sleeping patterns and, as of late, pain relief potential, one of the more recent studies on its effects on rat lipid metabolism showed some interesting findings.
At the end of the study, researchers found that rats injected with DSIP experienced body weight reduction, total fat mass reduction as well as reduced serum lipids.
Since the results were so fascinating, there were many more similar studies aimed at digging deeper and figuring out this connection. One particular study explored DSIP’s influence on glucose metabolism in rats. To everyone’s surprise, DSIP application resulted in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. But, even though the initial results were promising, it’s important to note that these were just some preliminary findings and that we’re missing large scale studies.
Depression, Chemical Imbalances, and DSIP
Though depression is a much more complicated condition, and cannot be reversed/addressed by changing/introducing one chemical into the patient’s body, scientists wanted to go down this path and see if DSIP affected it in any way.
So they designed a study around rats subjected to short-term hypoxic conditions. The findings showed that DSIP may have altered the mitochondrial activity in a hypoxic environment, which further suggested that this peptide can affect depressive states. And, since there is such a strong connection between sleeping cycles and depressive states, it appears that DSIP may affect depression.
However, there were no studies where DSIP application affected a patient's depressive state so much it restored subjective normal feeling.
DSIP Research in Withdrawal and Addiction
One particular animal study showed that DSIP actually possesses an agonistic tendency towards opiate receptors. Which further confirmed researcher’s claims this peptide can potentially be used in the reduction of withdrawal symptoms from both opiates and alcohols.
Another, human study showed that as much as 97% of alcohol-addicted patients confirmed a significant improvement in withdrawal related symptoms, along with 87% of opiate-addicted ones.
DSIP Physiologic and Muscle-Building Effects
It’s interesting that DSIP was first identified in the brains of rabbits during deep sleep, but researchers still aren’t quite sure where this peptide is synthesized. Some suggest it’s produced outside of the central nervous system and does not affect sleep at all!
This allied the scientists to be a bit more creative in their research. And one such research gave birth to some speculations saying DSIP inhibits somatostatin; a protein produced in muscle cells that inhibits their growth. This action, in turn, contributes to the overall hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the skeletal muscles.
Since these findings contradict the original ones regarding sleep, some scientists are asking for the entire revising of DSIP and its complete research history. We’ll see what the future holds and which side will prevail in the end.
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6145137/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17054771/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00840288
https://nyweekly.com/health/depression-research-and-dsip-peptide/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782416/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196978103000408
DSIP 5mg
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