*THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE.
Liraglutide is known as an incretin mimetic, meaning it acts as a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist; it increases insulin resistance and decreases excessive glucagon release.
This peptide has been shown to stimulate insulin secretion from the isolated β-cell islets in a glucose-dependent manner in vitro, as well as Liraglutide-attenuated β-cell apoptosis, even under adverse conditions with high concentration of free fatty acids.
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Liraglutide is a derivative of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). According to many studies, this peptide is known for its potential to lower blood sugar levels and increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
This analogue of GLP-1 has been the subject of research for a long time, and some results suggest that it could potentially be part of the therapy for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as having a beneficial effect on the heart, lungs, and liver.
One of Liraglutide's most interesting potential benefits is its ability to regulate weight loss. Additionally, some studies have shown its possible therapeutic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.
As mentioned earlier, weight loss is one of the most studied effects of Liraglutide. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial called “Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence” by A. Mehta, S. P. Marso, I. J. Neeland, that was carried out head-to-head, scientists included adults with fatness calculated based on body mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). Those patients did not have diabetes. After an eight-week regimen based on a low-calorie diet, patients were randomly distributed to four groups:
The parameters monitored showed changes in body weight and fat percentage. After one year, which is how long the trial itself lasted, the active-treatment groups showed a higher percentage of weight loss than the placebo.
The exercise group showed a difference in body weight which was approximately -4.1kg. The Liraglutide group showed a more significant difference, approximately -6.8 kg. In the combination group, the difference in body mass was the highest, approximately -9.5 kg. The combination strategy also showed better results in weight loss than exercise (the difference was -5.4 kg). This strategy decreased body fat percentage by about 3.9%, which was nearly twice the decrease in the exercise group. The Liraglutide group also reduced body fat percentage by -1.9%. Only the combination strategy was assumed to show improvements in the glycated hemoglobin level, insulin sensitivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Liraglutide is a human GLP-1 analogue. This peptide could possibly increase insulin secretion triggered by eating a meal. According to some research, Liraglutide showed few more actions that could be beneficial for an anti-diabetic therapy. Scientists assume that intravenous infusion of Liraglutide could normalize plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In a study that examined Liraglutide in treating this disease, patients included were in the age range of 10 to 17 years. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received Liraglutide, while the second group received a placebo for a 26-week double-blind period. The criteria for inclusion in the study were a body mass index higher than the 85th percentile and a glycated hemoglobin level between 7.0 and 11.0%. The patients were treated with metformin during the trial. The key point was the change in the glycated hemoglobin level. The second point was the change in plasma glucose level.
At the endpoint of the trial, the glycated hemoglobin level had reduced by 0.64% with the Liraglutide treatment and increased by 0.42% with the placebo group. The level of fasting plasma glucose had reduced in the Liraglutide group but had increased in the group with placebo. This study confirms the potential of Liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is a complicated hormonal disease that is usually connected with a high risk of cardiovascular, microvascular, and more difficulties. According to a double-blind trial, patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to receive Liraglutide or placebo.
The primary goal was the first case of death from cardiovascular causes or nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. At the end of the study, the rate of the first case of mortality from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke among selected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was much lower in the group that included Liraglutide than in the placebo group.
All these studies showed that Liraglutide has the potential to lower blood sugar levels but can also increase insulin secretion from the pancreas. Some results suggest beneficial effects on the heart, lungs, and liver. One of the most significant effects of this peptide is possible weight loss. Furthermore, Liraglutide could potentially have therapeutic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to previously mentioned studies. However, researchers are tirelessly working to demonstrate Liraglutide's many other benefits in future studies.
Please note that Liraglutide is not approved for human use and is currently available only for research purposes.
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Pi‐Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 11–22.
Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, et al. Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama 2015; 314: 687–699.
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