hGH Fragment 176-191 10mg

Fragment 176-191, also known as a modified version of AOD9604, constitutes a small segment of human growth hormone (hGH) often referred to as the “lipolytic fragment.” This name stems from laboratory research demonstrating its ability to enhance fat burning, particularly in mice genetically engineered to have substantial fat stores.

The thorough examination of Fragment 176-191 in animal models has been driven by its unique capability to retain the fat-burning effects of hGH while avoiding other impacts of its parent protein, such as elevating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, adversely affecting carbohydrate metabolism, altering insulin sensitivity, and increasing long bone growth. The targeted effects of Fragment 176-191 render it a valuable tool for investigating human fat metabolism and may eventually serve as the foundation for developing anti-obesity medications.

Source: PubChem

Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe
Molecular Formula: C78H125N23O23S2
Molecular Weight: 1812.12 g/mol
CAS Number: 66004-57-7

1. Lowers Blood Sugar

Animal studies have provided insights into the specific region of human growth hormone (hGH) responsible for its hypoglycemic effects (lowering blood sugar). Through experimentation with six different fragments derived from the c-terminal end of hGH, researchers have determined that fragment 176-191 stands out as the most efficient synthetic derivative for reducing blood sugar levels. This effectiveness is attributed to the sustained elevation of plasma insulin levels it induces[1]. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring the potential use of fragment 176-191 as a treatment option for both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

2. Fat Burning And Weight Loss

Fragment 176-191, also known as the “lipolytic fragment,” has gained its nickname due to its significant fat burning and weight loss properties, as observed in mice testing. The peptide is believed to achieve this action by promoting the increased production of beta-3 adrenergic receptors (β3-AR or ADRB3)[2]. Agonist action at ADRB3 directly enhances fat burning in adipose tissue and induces thermogenesis in skeletal muscle[3]. Mice genetically modified to lack ADRB3 receptors do not respond to the lipolytic effects of hGH or fragment 176-191[2].

Studies demonstrate that the heightened fat burning associated with fragment 176-191 correlates directly with increased energy expenditure, resulting in weight reduction. Obese animals subjected to a three-week course of treatment with fragment 176-191 experienced a remarkable nearly 50% reduction in weight gain[4]. Interestingly, the weight loss effects were exclusively observed in obese mice, while lean mice maintained their normal body weight on average, even when exposed to fragment 176-191[2]. These findings suggest the existence of secondary regulatory pathways for lipolysis that override ADRB3 function when body weight approaches or reaches the ideal range, thereby offering potential areas for further research into energy homeostasis.

Body weight in genetically obese mice after two weeks of treatment with a single daily dose of fragment 176-191
Source: Oxford Academic

Effect of saline (control), fragment 176-191, and hGH on white adipose tissue mass in obese mice over 14 days
Source: Oxford Academic

3. Promotes Cartilage Regeneration

While fragment 176-191 is predominantly studied for its lipolytic properties, researchers are also exploring other potential benefits of the peptide. A 2015 article from Korea reported intriguing findings, suggesting that fragment 176-191 could enhance the effects of hyaluronic acid injections in promoting cartilage regeneration.

Studies conducted on rabbits demonstrated that weekly injections of fragment 176-191 increased laboratory measures of cartilage growth, and when co-administered with hyaluronic acid (HA), the effects were even more significant. Additionally, the study observed that fragment 176-191, both alone and in combination with HA, reduced disability associated with osteoarthritis. These promising results raise hopes for advanced therapies for osteoarthritis and potentially even negate the need for surgery in certain cases[7].

There is a legitimate concern regarding the use of hGH or its derivatives for weight control due to potential unwanted side effects. Long-term exogenous administration of hGH has been associated with various adverse effects, such as:

• increased insulin resistance,
• diabetes,
• acromegaly,
• cancer,
• hypertension (high blood pressure), and
• edema (swelling).

These concerns arise from studies indicating that although hGH may increase lean body mass and reduce adipose tissue, it also comes with significant risks.

However, research focusing on fragment 176-191 has offered promising findings. A study published in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism in 2013 examined six studies of fragment 176-191, utilizing the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled model of a phase IIb clinical trial for robust evidence. The results showed that both intravenous and oral administration of fragment 176-191, when compared to a placebo, did not lead to changes in various parameters, including:

• physical findings,
• laboratory measurements,
• glucose levels,
• glucose tolerance,
• insulin sensitivity,
• IGF-1 levels, or
• rates of adverse events[4], [5].

This suggests that fragment 176-191 may offer many of the benefits of hGH without the associated negative side effects.

These findings not only support the argument for pursuing regulatory approval for the clinical use of fragment 176-191 but also provide insights into human growth regulation, fat deposition, and energy homeostasis. The study suggests that targeting fat loss through fragment 176-191 does not affect energy homeostasis in other nutrient pathways, offering opportunities for further exploration of human energy regulation and potential manipulation.

It is crucial to emphasize that fragment 176-191 was specifically selected for its ability to avoid anabolic effects on muscles, unlike hGH. This is a crucial aspect in ensuring that the peptide elicits targeted lipolytic effects without causing conditions like acromegaly associated with hGH administration. Studies in mice have indicated that fragment 176-191 does not increase cell proliferation[6].

The main focus of research regarding fragment 176-191 lies in weight loss and lipolysis. Substantial efforts are being dedicated to understanding how this peptide can be utilized to gain insights into fat metabolism and energy homeostasis. Another highly active area of research revolves around connective tissue regeneration, particularly in the context of cartilage repair.

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Frank NG, M.D. is one of the leading scientists discovering how both AOD9604 and Fragment 176-191 function. He extensively studied their effects on lipid metabolism in obese mice, fat oxidation, weight loss, oral digestion, glucose transport, and hyperglycemia. He has over 64 publications and studies at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology — Monash University, Australia.

Frank NG, M.D. is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of Epitalon. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Shop and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Frank NG, M.D. is listed in [1] [2] and [4] under the referenced citations.

1. F. M. Ng and J. Bornstein, “Hyperglycemic action of synthetic C-terminal fragments of human growth hormone,” Am. J. Physiol., vol. 234, no. 5, pp. E521-526, May 1978.
2. M. Heffernan et al., “The Effects of Human GH and Its Lipolytic Fragment (AOD9604) on Lipid Metabolism Following Chronic Treatment in Obese Mice andβ 3-AR Knock-Out Mice,” Endocrinology, vol. 142, no. 12, pp. 5182–5189, Dec. 2001.
3. R. Ferrer-Lorente, C. Cabot, J.-A. Fernández-López, and M. Alemany, “Combined effects of oleoyl-estrone and a beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL316,243) on lipid stores of diet-induced overweight male Wistar rats,” Life Sci., vol. 77, no. 16, pp. 2051–2058, Sep. 2005.
4. F. M. Ng, J. Sun, L. Sharma, R. Libinaka, W. J. Jiang, and R. Gianello, “Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone,” Horm. Res., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 274–278, 2000.
5. H. Stier, E. Vos, and D. Kenley, “Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans,” J. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 3, no. 1–2, pp. 7-15–15, Apr. 2013.
6. M. A. Heffernan et al., “Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment,” Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1442–1449, Oct. 2001.
7. D. R. Kwon and G. Y. Park, “Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model,” Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 426–432, Jul. 2015.

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